Liebniz

Liebniz, a german philosopher was the first to introduce many concepts such as monads and a new division of knowlegde, he also reinvented many other theories such as how you aquire knowedge.
     His concept of monads was that everything is a monad, and God is the perfect monad, he also stated that the body is an unperfect monad and that the soul is a perfect one. The perfect monad(soul) is trapped in an imperfect monad(body). This concept may also be applied to physics, where the smallest object in the universe is the monad(aka atom).
      His division of knowledge was very complex and had a lot of sublevels, the first one was dividing the knowledge in obscure and "clear", the "clear" part was divided again into two parts, and then one of those in two, an so on and on. The divisions go from general knowledge to specific knowledge, the last division is the one where you know the concept so well that when you think about the concept you can imagine all its properties as a whole, it is very difficult to acquire this level of knowledge for any concept, but not impossible.
     He believed that you acquired knowedge partially from your senses, but he also thought that not all of your knowledge can be acquired empirically, certain things such as ideas come from reasoning knowledge. Because of this he was a rationalist and kinda of empiricist.